Facing the Worst

Confronting the Worst Confronting the Worst Confronting the Worst By Maeve Maddox The English word face might be utilized as either a thing or an action word, as represented by these references from the Oxford English Dictionary: The skullis partitioned into two sections, the Cranium and the Face. (thing) He confronted his faultfinders head-on andleft with his nobility flawless. (action word) As a transitive action word, face implies, â€Å"to demonstrate a bold or solid face to; to meet (risk, an adversary, or anything disagreeable) eye to eye; to restrict with certainty or disobedience; to stand up to and bargain with.† As a transitive action word utilized either as a principle action word or in its - ing structure, face requires an article: You face a troublesome choice, and you should manage it. (direct article: â€Å"a troublesome decision†) The most widely recognized issue confronting poor family units is late installment of lease or utilities. (direct article: â€Å"poor households†) Some typical statements with the action word face are: face the outcomes/pay the piper: to get the horrendous outcomes (regularly discipline) of one’s activities. Japan advises world to confront China or face results Work calls for Brownlee to recognize the cold hard reality acknowledge the obvious issues: defy reality of a circumstance. Time to acknowledge the obvious issues on migration In certain appearances, face is utilized as a phrasal action word: face up to: acknowledge the presence of a troublesome circumstance. He needs to look up to his past. go head to head: take part in a face to face showdown or challenge. GOP Assembly contender to go head to head in August 12 essential Since I’m used to seeing confronting utilized transitively, with an immediate item, I was amazed to experience this utilization of confronting followed by a modifier expression: Katniss, in the same way as other of her tragic YA partners, faces a contention bigger than man versus nature †shes man versus man,â facing against an abusive government. Increasingly colloquial utilization would be, â€Å"facing a harsh government,† or â€Å"fighting against an abusive government.† I discovered comparative utilization in two remarks identifying with famous music: I accept that Wish Upon a Blackstaris about the battle ravenousness brings to the world, and looking against the persecution brought about by it. Tunes that follow, as Corrupted and [the] collection closer Invincible, proceed with the topic of disobedience and looking against persecution in whatever structures they may show up. Confronting is frequently trailed by against with regards to confronting traffic: Youâ must not park on a street around evening time looking against the heading of the traffic stream. On the off chance that there is no walkway and you have toâ walkâ on the road,â walk looking against traffic. In some other setting, following looking with against strikes my ear as unidiomatic: Any tips for looking against the Nova matchup? Ancelotti on looking against Manchester United Tired of looking against Shaman bots A couple of more appearances with the action word face: face up to: acknowledge that a troublesome circumstance exists. Work must face up to its past missteps. face head on: face an issue legitimately and transparently. Japan will confront the mechanical jobocalypse head-on, by acing robots before they ace us. face into: turn legitimately toward something. It’s cold as you face into the breeze. face down: to go up against a person or thing intensely and fearlessly. Austria to look down World Bank over consuming bondholders. look ahead: to guide one’s concentration to what's to come. I was profoundly dazzled that, in spite of the entirety of your troublesome encounters, you encapsulate such enthusiasm to look ahead and assemble the future together. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?3 Types of HeadingsPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

How to Enjoy Writing a Personal Essay For College

How to Enjoy Writing a Personal Essay For CollegeWriting a personal essay for college is not something that every student can do. It's something that should be a fun experience, and not something you dread. Because writing a personal essay for college is so important, it is also something that should be treated as if it were an exam.Writing your essay for college should be something that you get to enjoy. There are many different ways to go about doing this. But the most important thing is that you should not feel like you are trying to cram a whole lot of information into the essay that you are writing.The most important thing when you are writing a personal essay for college is to write it without thinking of any particular person or group of people that you would like to have some kind of impact on. And the key to making this possible is simply to focus on the work itself. The more you think about the actual process of writing the essay, the more likely you will be to have a succe ssful essay written for you.When you are writing a personal essay for college, the last thing you want to do is make it too serious. You don't want to come across as something that is analytical and stuffy. Instead, you should be able to enjoy yourself and let the essay be lighthearted and funny.In order to enjoy yourself while writing a personal essay for college, you should start with the information that you have. Go through your personal journal and find all of the things that are meaningful to you. Make sure that the essay you are writing is not going to be someone else's personal account of something that they should not be thinking about.One way to bring in some fun into the process is to write the essay based on what you already know. Do some research, but still allow yourself to have fun with it. If the essay is based on a hobby that you have developed, such as hiking, then make sure that the essay is based on the actual topic of the topic.Another way to enjoy yourself whil e writing a personal essay for college is to look at some of the other essays that you have read. You should feel like you can have fun writing about these essays and use them as a starting point for your own essay. In this way, you will feel as though you are taking on a new task, but at the same time you will enjoy it.Finally, the most important part of writing a personal essay for college is to enjoy the experience. Write about the topics that you have chosen for your essay. Let the essay be a reflection of who you are, not who you are trying to impress.

Adidas vs Nike Case Study free essay sample

Making a ground-breaking site wherein all items and administrations offered of the organization are accessible and furthermore a sites which intelligent as well. 5. Utilizing lady competitors in their publicizing strategies: advertisements or models. SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ In numerous inventsâ is the greatest support †¢ Strong supervisory group †¢ Brand acknowledgment and notoriety †¢ Diversity and assortment in items offered on the web (footwear, clothing, sporting gear, and so forth ) †¢ Strong authority over its own dissemination channel †¢ No terrible notoriety like kid work or condition contamination †¢ In the Soccer business, Adidas has a fortress Shortcomings †¢ High costs in certain items †¢ E-business is restricted to USA †¢ Online client support not accommodating or NOT simple to discover. Openings †¢ Increase female interest in sports †¢ Collaborate with other online retailers to offer Adidas items †¢ Possibility of re-appropriating the web improvement and web based business to an outsider developerâ Threats †¢ Nikes solid notoriety in the footwear and clothing industry too †¢ Negative picture made by the supported competitors (I. We will compose a custom article test on Adidas versus Nike Case Study or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page e. Kobe Bryant and his rape case) †¢ Increase in the Price of Raw materials Continuing difficulties in import/trade obligations Competitors Analysis Strengths: †¢ Nike utilizes a â€Å"Make to Stock† client request which offers a quick support to clients from accessible stock. †¢ Nike works Nike Town shoe and sportswear stores, Nike industrial facility outlets and Nike Women shops. Nike sells its items all through US and in excess of 180 nations. †¢ Nike is solid at innovative work, as is confirm by its developing and imaginative item go. They at that point fabricate any place they can create excellent item at the most minimal conceivable cost. †¢ Nike Company is incredible at growing their item. Contenders are creating elective brands to remove Nike’s piece of the pie. Targets of the Analysis 1. To assist the board with understanding their upper hands/hindrances comparative with contenders. 2. To produce comprehension of competitors’ past, present (and above all) future techniques 3. To give an educated premise to create systems to accomplish upper hand later on. 4. To help gauge the profits that might be produced using future ventures (e. g. in what manner will contenders react to another item or estimating methodology? Techniques . Market Segmentation Most of the customers of Nike’s items are primarily athletes. This is so a direct result of the utility that accompanies the items. A competitor is bound to go a games shoe planned and advertised by Nike in excess of an individual who despises brandishing and works out. Nike focuses on these shoppers by understandings among Nike and athletic groups, college’s athletic groups, and so forth for item sponsorship and inevitable advancement to the individuals from these groups. Along these lines, Nike can arrive at a wide number of purchasers and buyers who are bound to purchase. Despite the fact that others are probably going to purchase the items, Nike pays explicit insistent focusing to the competitor more than any gathering of people despite the fact that it additionally focuses on the young who have grasped the hip bounce culture 2. Focusing on systems Nike lays various techniques to focus on their quick shoppers; competitors and other athletes. The focusing on techniques incorporate among others the sponsorship of items by proficient athletic groups, big name competitors and school athletic groups. This methodology is explicitly effective in light of its capacity to arrive at an enormous number of competitors. On the off chance that the athletic group chief endorses a particular kind of track shoes made by Nike, the learners have no choice other than to get them. The groups can also purchase the track shoes in cumbersome and gracefully them to the colleagues. The second methodology that Nike applies is the structuring of item goal. It does this by partner accomplishment with the item. For instance, when a superstar competitor supports a particular brand of athletic shoes, the brand will be related with progress. This mental impact is strengthened with commercials that assert this position. At last, Nike focuses on the buyers who are probably going to create item closeness; the individuals who care progressively about the utility and nature of the item than the cost. Along these lines, the valuing isn't influenced a lot in an offer to suit an enormous number of customers. 3. Evaluating Strategies Nike focuses on the shoppers who grasp item closeness and accordingly care less about the item. This has empowers Nike to set generally more significant expenses than its rivals. This is a technique that calls for higher evaluating focuses to promote the apparent item esteem. It has been set up that purchasers who believe an item to be of top notch are probably going to follow through on the significant expense all the more regularly and reliably. When purchasers create item closeness, they come to connect their individual with the item and will follow through on whatever cost cited on the item given it has the Nike logo on it. Another significant thing to note is the way that Nike utilizes the vertical reconciliation evaluating system in which they take responsibility for members at channel levels that vary and they additionally participate in diverse direct level tasks both in an offer to control expenses and in this manner impact valuing capacity. . Dissemination Strategies Distribution systems grasped by an association can either give them an edge in market or make them linger behind the champs in the market. The more proficient the item dispersion is the more deals and along these lines more benefits. The conveyance of the correct item and at the opp ortune time to the purchaser impacts utility as well as prompts high level of customer fulfillment and faithfulness. Nike conveys its items on level premise. The expensive premium items are given to specific merchants while leaving the low estimated to be sold at exceptionally limited costs at uber retail locations, for example, Wal-Mart. While Reebok grasped a constrained conveyance methodology Nike wandered more into a worldwide market capitalization. 5. Limited time and Communication Strategies Apart from Nike selling quality items which have lead to a high level of client reliability, the special techniques that the organization utilizes are just amazing. Nike has gotten various expert and VIP competitor which have figured out how to cause an extensive to notice their items. A portion of the athletes marked by Nike incorporate soccer stars, for example, Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Roberto Carlos, Basketballers, for example, Jermaine ONeal and Lebron James2, tri-competitor Lance Armstrong and golf genius Tiger Woods. This has made a generally high level of Nike products’ mindfulness. Other than the marking of big name athletes to advance their items, Nike has likewise utilized a lot of commercials through the broad communications. Nike utilizes a particular interest ad centered around the costly shoes utilized for customary games. Innovative work Plan Adidas arrangement is to control and screen risky substance to secure human wellbeing and condition, one of those is to take out PVC gaining ground in discovering substitutes like polyurethane, ethyl vinyl, silicones thermoplastic elastic. Adidas alsoâ provide instructional courses on work principles and HR frameworks, healthâ and security is significant for the organization. Building up groups to oversee and screen SARS in Asia manufacturing plant, washing stations, disinfectantâ units. Adidas join into innovation by make up the world’s first savvy shoe, including a microchip inside the shoe and remote mp3 player. Likewise utilizing hot dissolve arrangement of theâ production that is naturally protected, utilizing heat-initiated glues. Theâ packaging that organization use, are appropriate for transportation over significant distances moist conditions and extraordinary temperature changes and use reused paper and otherâ environmentally-accommodating bundling materials. Human Resource Plan The government assistance of the representatives is noteworthy for Adidas family. Adidas distinguished that so as to accomplishing the objective to be the worldwide pioneer in the outdoor supplies industry relies upon the abilities, eagerness and devotion of the workers. So as to progress their fulfillment Adidas utilizes different techniques. A portion of these are: †¢ give clinical protection to staff situated in various urban communities †¢ improve the lodging collection store and social retirement subsidize inclusion †¢ present adaptable working hours †¢ give yearly execution reward to qualified representatives †¢ Make interior concurrences on the utilization of web, (cell) phone and E-mail, on reintegration of representatives returning from parental leave, and on accessible if the need arises administration †¢ Support the presence of formal work gathering Adidas as an enormous universal organization possesses thousand of representatives of various morals, societies, and race. Because of the presence of the HR office the potentialâ problems are wiped out. As Adidas needs to cover a wide range of occupation positions, the abilities that are requested are different. HR division initiates both low and high talented representatives relying upon each expected set of responsibilities. Assorted variety exists in all mattersâ because there are representatives of various age, sex, race, nationality and religion. Elective Plan and Recommendation In human asset we prescribe a nonstop preparing to their workers which are significant. Have a consistent sorted out and various courses in all degrees of business. As it is mentionedâ before, Adidas accepts that workers and their gifts are basic to the proceeding with business achievement. Hence, we prescribe Adidas to make a

Technology And Its Effect On Society - 1694 Words

Technological advances have certainly entered this era to facilitate people’s lives. There is no doubt that some new technology has been created to help operate or effectively manage time in a way that would be beneficial to humans. Technology significantly helps a number of people. A group that greatly benefits with the advances of technology is teenagers. Teens constantly use computers for schoolwork, networking, or knowing anything they want to know with a simple use of their fingertips. Furthermore, with the advances it is no longer needed to leave the household to run an errand such as going out to pay a bill or do some shopping. As technology advances and enters the life of mostly all humans many begin to question how healthy these technological advances truly are. A couple of decades ago kids spent their time outside playing with their friends by the same token with items that did not require the use of electricity. Kids and adolescents would dedicate at least a part of their day to reading books and gaining knowledge from there instead of social media. Distinctively today’s adolescents instead of reading books will go on the internet for a summary and inform themselves in less than 5 minutes, spent their time inside playing video games or on their cellphones allowing technology to be the only thing they know and rely on to have fun or be informed. Moreover, this guides us to the points Ray Bradbury makes in his novel Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury touches on severalShow MoreRelatedTechnology : The Effects Of Technology And Society1283 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of technology with society has beneficial impacted the way we live. With technology is providing many advantages, but also it has some disadvantages it has on children and adults. There is little room for people that wish to live without technology, moreover than living the way they did in the old days. Technology has its advantages, it’s has changed the way people have communicated by email, social media, the way traveling has improved. Have you ever heard the saying ‘Children are bornRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society871 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is technology? Is it the tool that propels humanity forward or is technology the cuffs that hold the everyday man from leaving his own comfort. Or is technology more than a tool, more than a mechanical device? Ray Bradbury s Works are known 4 expanding technology and using speculative fiction to reveal the way technology is consuming the everyday person. but what if Ray Bradbury was never talking about technology and its effect on society with society s effect on technology? It is assumedRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1386 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers , devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things. Technology has produced many positive contributions to society and how it has grownRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesworld is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined theRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application o f scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the livesRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1473 Words   |  6 Pageswould surmise that technology has an overwhelmingly negative effect on society. Although there might be consequences that stem from technology, these negative effects only bring about more good than they bring about evil. This good transforms the world in ways people may never be able to comprehend. Technology will always be the epitome of human intelligence and it is this fact that should allow us to not only understand that technology is not dangerous to us but that technology should enable theRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect O n Society1176 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is the sum of the ways in which social groups provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization. (â€Å"Technology†) In addition, technology has become a basic necessity for people all around the world. Not only does technology have positive effects on how people function in the world, but it also has many negative effects. On a similar topic, technology has improved the way we live tremendously, but people have become extremely dependent on it, almost to the point to whereRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology on its own cannot be beneficial or detrimental to the cognitive ability and the human relationship. Its effect on society depends on how and when technology is used. Technology continues to interact with our human experience in some way or the other. It is profoundly reshaping how we live today and giving rise to new strand of lifestyle and custom. With the rise of technologies, we expect to gain from its advances in the field of communication, social interaction, research and developmentRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Society1372 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Abuse Technology has rapidly increased over the past few years and has had a great impact on everyone in several ways. The impact of this applied science on people’s lifestyles has made several too dependent on technology. There needs to be a specific limit to technology that is reasonable but considerable for everyone. This new addiction is truly significant because this modern world of ours can have dangerous consequences that we are not aware of. In the past, many of the machines andRead MoreTechnology Effects On Society : Technology Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesTechnologies Effects on Society We are all guilty of constantly looking down at our phones looking to fill the void of an awkward silence or just to make the time go by faster. We become oblivious to the notifications. We find ourselves scrolling through an endless list of emails, reminders, and checking the likes we get on our latest Instagram post. We become wrapped up and lose track of valuable time because we are so engrossed in things that should be of little importance to us. It is no secret

A Brief History of Courtship and Dating in America

A Brief History of Courtship and Dating in America, Part 1 [pic]by The Revd Skip Burzumato [pic] Whenever possible, I love to use the word courtship in everyday conversation with young and old alike. Its one of those words with which most people are familiar, but have vastly differing opinions of what it means. For many, courtship is an old-fashioned word. It summons visions of men wooing women with small tokens of affection and asking their hand in marriage on bended knee. For social scientists, studies of courtship usually look at the process of mate selection. (Social scientists, among whom I number myself from time to time, will never be accused of being romantics.) For the purpose of this article the preparation for and proposal†¦show more content†¦They knew what was normal. Prior to the 20th century, normal was determined within families and local communities, but now a higher authority, with wide-spread circulation and readership, began to form a national consciousness. Thirdly, we see a change in sexual norms in the West. With the onset of the sexual revolution the question arose, Why would a man court and woo a woman when he could gain a chief benefit of marriage, namely sexual gratification, for free with no commitment? (Friendship with benefits is a contemporary example.) Closely related to this is the invention of birth control. There is too much that could be said here, so Ill be brief. Simply put, with the onset of the widespread use of chemical and other means of birth control, the language of procreation — of having children — was separated from the language of marriage. As U. of Chicago ethicist Leon Kass argues in his chapter on courtship in Building a Healthy Culture: Strategies for an American Renaissance, under the old system of courtship, marriage and bringing a child into the world were inextricably linked. But no longer. With the ever decreasing risk of pregnancy, having sex and being married were no longer tied together. Fourthly, we find a change in the models and metaphors used to describe the home and family. PriorShow MoreRelatedSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions. One of the areas in which they are influenced most is dating. Dating is a modern phenomenon which has only recently been brought up in the last century. Not only is dating the norm in the United States, but also in many other modern societies around the world. Courting has become a thing of the past and society has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way a man could express themselvesRead More Online Dating Essay2916 Words   |  12 PagesA Brief History of Courtship Courtship takes many forms, depending mainly on the point in history and the culture in which it exists (Cate, 1992) Many popular love songs claim that being in love is similar to being under a magical spell. Some state that all you need is love, and still others affirm that love lifts us up where we belong. People dream about finding their one and only soul mate, and in this day and age, the pursuit for love and happiness is closer to home than everRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages......................................................... Social Relationships ...................................................................... Chaperonage .................................................................................. Courtship and Marriage ................................................................. Conclusion ..................................................................................... 177 178 178 179 180 182 182 184 CHAPTER 14 Church Discipline .....Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagescapture the richness and complexity of real-life management situations and we would also encourage readers and tutors to take every possible opportunity to explore the live strategic issues of organisations – both their own and others. The following brief points of guidance should prove useful in selecting and using the case studies provided: ââ€"  The summary table that follows indicates the main focus of each of the chosen case studies – together with important subsidiary foci (where appropriate)Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesEdition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior

Implementation of Two Types of Mayor-Council Government...

Research Paper – Political Science The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively compare and contrast the implementation of two types of mayor-council government systems which are that of the weak-mayor type of the mayor council system and the strong-mayor type of the mayor council system. The premise of the analysis which has been conducted in this paper is based upon assessing the local governments of two cities within the United States – Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Minneapolis, Minnesota which follow the adoption of a strong-mayor system and weak-mayor system respectively. With regard to a mayor-council form, the system itself is based upon the presence of numerous factors which lead to the creation of a range of types which share one basic foundation. As suggested by the premise of this form of local government, the primary actors which come together to continue the sustenance of this framework include the mayor and the council, both of which must be elected (Center for Governmental Research 1). Consequently, the presence of these two parties within the wider framework entails the extent to which each actor holds a certain degree or extent of authority in managing the affairs of the city, this notion implies that the distribution of power and authority maybe classified as relative or absolute wherein it may favor the elected mayor or the elected council in terms of possession of power on the basis of the chosen variation of the mayor-council form of government. AsShow MoreRelatedThe Politics Of The Middle Class Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesmiddle class voters. Reformers aimed to break down the political organization that thrived on immigrant votes and claimed to break down the corrupt government that thrived on the public’s purse. Concerns about political corruption were closely connected to the rising fear of immigrants notably, the â€Å"Great Unwashed†. They wanted to make local government more efficient and accountable for the tastes and preferences of the middle class. Unlike most machine bosses and their followers who had little formalRead MoreSupport Transportation Changes Throughout Different Periods1299 Words   |  6 PagesCentral Government. The participation of the central government willing to support transportation changes appeared at different periods. The first attempt was during the administration of Leà ³n Febres Cordero (1984-1998) giving support to the Empresa Municipal de Transporte. After him, Rodrigo Borja’s (1988-1992) team developed plans that will improve transportation in the city. Their main idea was to acquire a train to connect the south of the city with the valleys. Nevertheless, that option wasRead MoreJudicial Administration of British India Uptill 17905497 Words   |  22 Pagesgrowth, evolution and development of the legal system in the country and sets forth the historical process whereby a legal system has come to be what it is over time. The legal system of a country at a given time is not the creation of one man or of one day but is the cumulative fruit of the endeavor, experience, thoughtful planning and patient labour of a large number of people through generations. With the coming of the British to India, the legal system of India changed from what it was in the MughalRead MoreContribute To Advice To Council On Legislation Case Study1654 Words   |  7 PagesTora Peana LGAGOVA501B Contribute to advice to council on legislation ASSESSMENT LGAGOVA501B Contribute to advice to council on legislation Participant Name: Tora Peana Council Employer: Bundaberg Regional council Manager/Supervisor Name: Gavin Steele Supervisor Signature: Present Position: Acting Executive Assistant Time in this Position: 7 Months Contact Phone No: 07 4130 4299 Email: tora.peana@bundaberg.qld.gov.au Declaration 1. I have readRead MorePros and Cons of Installing Closed-Circuit Television Cameras in Classrooms to Prevent Misbehavior1512 Words   |  7 PagesInstallation of surveillance camera systems as a way to deter crimes or criminal acts has gained traction in recent years. In some countries, surveillance camera systems – also known as closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras – have also installed in educational institutions as a security measure to address fears for the safety of the students (Hope, 2004; Corpuz, 2011). The trend, however, did not stop. From halls and corridors, some education institutions have started to install cameras insideRead MoreDiscuss the Proposition That Local Authorities Are Better Placed to Respond to Crises and Disasters Than Central Government5400 Words   |  22 Pagesand disasters than central government Introduction Both the local authorities and central government have roles and responsibilities in responding to crises and disaster situations. However, several catastrophic crises and disaster events over the past decades have casted doubts on the effectiveness of central governments in responding to crises and disaster situations. 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All Government exist the social andRead MoreGis Implementation And Local Governments : Barriers And Factors For Success4613 Words   |  19 Pages GIS Implementation and Local Governments: Barriers and Factors for Success Eric Barr GIS Project Management 32-655-01: Summer 2015 Paper Assignment Northwest Missouri State University I. Introduction The literature available on the implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in local governments, examined in this paper, spans a time period from 1996 to 2014. The topics covered include barriers to and effective techniques for the successful introduction

Dietary Factors and Risk of Adenocarcinoma †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dietary Factors and Risk of Adenocarcinoma. Answer: Overview of the selected paper Gastroesophaeal reflux (GER) is a digestive disease that affects the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which is a ring of muscles between the stomach and the esophagus (Cook et al., 2014). GER has been found to a one of the primary cause of the esophageal adenocarcinoma. There are several dietary food products like chocolate, mint products, dietary fatty foods, coffee, onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits that are found to be partially responsible for the GER, which is associated with the relaxation of the lower sphincter muscles (Gibson Shepherd, 2012). Aim of the study This study conducted by Terry et al., (2000), aims to prove whether the dietary foods items are associated with the risk of gastric cardia and adenocarcinoma. Thus, there was a clear statement of the aims of research. Study design and study population In order to prove the fact that dietary factor is not associated with the development of Adenocarcinoma, the Author Terry et al., (2000), had conducted a nation based population study in Sweden, where 185 and 258 cases of esophageal Adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia have been taken. 815 were taken as control. The population study contained Swedish population below the age of 80 years in between 1 December 1994 and 31 December 1997. The patients who had been newly identified with the case of Adenocarcinoma were also considered. All the patients with squamous cell carcinoma have been avoided, as the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is not related to GER. All the cases have been identified anatomically and histological by a study pathologist. Therefore, all the cases have been classified based on the site of the tumor and the histological type. Non-participation in the cases is mainly due to poor clinical conditions or immediate death after the diagnosis. There was also nonparticipation among the controls due to their unwillingness to participate. Seven subjects were removed from the study due to their errors in the dietary information and finally the study was conducted with 185 and 258 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma and cardia adenocarcinoma and 815 controls. Thus, this qualitative method is the right methodology for addressing this research goal. Pattern of the study The questionnaire for the interview contained questions related to the dietary habits. 63 food items and beverages have been considered for the study and the participants were enquired about the food habits 20 years back to avoid any political risk factors. Questions regarding the meal timings and the average size of the meal were asked by considering the photographs of the standard Swedish 7 common dishes. The reflux symptoms have been classified as hear burn at least once per week. The duration, intensity and the frequency of the reflux are also considered (Gibson Shepherd, 2012). Thus, it can be seen that all the parameters for the study had been properly considered in this paper. The correlation between the reflux symptoms and the foods items have been studied only in the control subjects. The data collection method was sufficient although the author might have taken up a large population to avoid the chance variation. Findings From the population study, it was found that the GER symptoms were not related to the dietary factors. The dietary factors were previously associated with reduction in the mean basal pressure of the LES, but it is not related to the risks of adenocarcinoma. As per the population study, the dietary factors associated with LES relaxation are not related to esophageal malignancy in any way. As per the statistical data although, transient LES is found to be closely linked to the disease, the dietary factors have no association with the development of cancer. Appraisal of the internal validity The exposure of this study is the dietary factors that are being predicted to have a relation with adenocarcinoma that is the outcome of this study. The confounding factor in this study is the dietary supplements that in real did not have any relation with the development of malignancy. A confounder is normally a variable that actually affects the different variables in the study that affects the actual relationship. There are several ways to control the different confounding factors like Restriction, matching and randomization. In this study, the author has chosen the randomization method to eliminate the confounding factors. It can be found from the study that the adjustments due to the confounding factors did not affect the age-adjusted data. Presence of chance variation in the study may lead to erroneous results. It is evident from the study that the response rate of this study is quite low and the sample population is also large. Chance variation in a randomized control study can be managed by the increasing the population of the participants. The participants were subjected interviews taken by the professional interviewers from Statistics Sweden. It should be noted that 10 dietary factors were thought to be associated with LES relaxation in the laboratory settings. An increase in prevalence of gastric cardia was observed due to chocolate intake (Zhang, 2013). No trends of Adenocarcinoma were observed associated to the dietary foods (Gibson Shepherd, 2012). The meal timing and the portion size of the meals were also found to be unrelated to Adenocarcinoma (Zhang, 2013). It should be noted that the individuals having a tendency of GER, normally consume less amount of those food that causes the symptoms, which actually weakens the association of the reflux symptoms with the food causing LES relaxation (Ganz et al., 2014). Thus the presence or absence of GER does not validate the point that food causing LES relaxation would increase the risk of Adeno carcinoma, although avoidance of food is a very narrow range of exposure in the participants (Jarosz Taraszewska, 2014). The non-association of cancer with food can be due to certain factors. The food that is responsible for temporary reflux or relaxed LES in the laboratory settings might not be sufficient to give rise to significant chronic reflux (Napier, Scheerer Misra, 2014). Another factor that might have caused bias in the study is that, in most of the laboratory study the portion size of the food was moderate in size that might not be successful for producing an acid reflux in the laboratory. Another possible explanation is that, the severity of the temporary refluxes can be different from the actual GER taking place in a body (Napier, Scheerer Misra, 2014). Although the relation of dietary food and GER remains elusive, transient LES was found to be more closely associated to the growth of a disease. It was found that the food-induced regurgitation has a low harm rate than the LES relaxations (Wheeler Reed, 2012). It should be noted that the data used in the study was limited and non-differential measurement error of exposure probably would have weakened the findings of the study. A high degree of differential participation with reference to exposure might have caused theoretical bias and have given results towards or far from unity. Causal association between exposure and outcome The aim of epidemiological studies is to assess the cause of any disease and as most of the studies are observational instead of experimental, there are many possibilities for observed association that are taken into consideration (Gage, Munaf Davey Smith, 2016). The inference of cause-effect relationship exists in case-control studies and bias, confounding affects the results. The association between risk factor and exposure to disease do not infer causal relationship (Vandenbroucke Pearce, 2015). In the given article, causal association can be studied using Bradford-Hill criteria that provide a framework for the assessment of an observed association to be causal. In case-control studies, the chance of showing causal relationship is less, as it is majorly prone to bias. As discussed above in internal validity, there is bias in selection, incident cases, sources of cases and control selection. The recall bias is the main reason for less causal relationships studied in case control studies where cases showed certain exposures than controls due to the fact about what may have caused the disease (Vandenbroucke, Broadbent Pearce, 2016). Although, the response rates were high in the study as compared to previous studies of dietary factors in oesophageal adenocarcinoma, there was high degree of differential misclassification (recall bias) as the response rates in cases and controls were related to dietary factors that relaxes LES. This can be the main reason for the negative findings obtained in the study. The hypothesis regarding the categorization of tertiles, foods containing coffee, chocolate, and mint, public does not know portion size and time of last daily meal and this may have elicited differential recall between case and control participants in the study. Taking into consideration, the criterion used for finding causal relationship suggests that there was no association between dietary factors that causes LES relaxation and risk for gastric cardia and oesophagus adenocarcinoma. The strength of association between the risk factor and outcome is weak, as findings showed no relationship between dietary factors that causes LES relaxation and risk for gatric cardia or adenocarcinoma of oesophagus. There is no consistency of findings as the study was conducted among Swedish population and so, this finding cannot be observed in other populations. Another criterion for the study of causal relationship is specificity and in the given article, the study lacked one to one relationship between cause and outcome (Richmond et al., 2014). Coherence is also not well defined in this study, as the current knowledge of biology of disease does not agree with relationship (Oakes, 2017). Previous studies on dietary factors showed strong relationship betwee n foods that relaxes LES and risk for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia, however, this study showed no such associations between LES relaxing foods and oesophageal malignancy. There is no temporal sequence of association, as exposure did not precede outcome. In the given article, the recruited sample was already having the disease (oesophageal cancer and gastric cardia) before the study for outcomes. The biological plausibility criterion is also not fulfilled in this study, as biological mechanism was not explained in the study for the increased risk for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be inferred that causal relationship between exposure and outcome is not plausible and no association between LES relaxing foods and risk for oesophageal malignancy. External validity Observations in epidemiological studies can be evaluated in terms of external validity in case-control studies. It is defined as the ability of study to generalize result findings in the wider population. The cause-effect relationship in a case-control study is evaluated externally as it can be generalized to other population settings (Vandenbroucke et al., 2014. In the given article, the findings do not align with previous studies and does not hold for other conditions or populations. Although, the samples are large, the participants are recruited from Sweden population register that is a single geographic location. According to Zhang, (2013) the incidence of gastric cardia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma is highly prevalent in Sweden due to gastro-oesophageal reflux. The avoidance of foods that causes LES relaxation among the sufferers can be a reason for narrowing of exposure range. The previous research examined dietary factors and risk for malignancy showing strong relationship, but the study by Terry et al., (2000) showed no association between these factors. Food items like citrus foods, garlic and onions promote reflux, however, might have anti-carcinogenic properties negating reflux harmful effects. The results of the study do not contradict previous findings that showed strong relationship between reflux symptoms and adenocarcinoma malignancy. In the general population, people are not aware of consumption of reflux-promoting foods and this suggests that it is not a health issue in universal population (Boeckxstaens et al., 2013). The condition of reflux symptoms is perhaps a consequence or explanations for the above disease condition. The results obtained from the study showed no positive association between LES relaxing foods and risk fo r malignancy. There are implications for future studies and then, it would be possible to apply the findings to source population from which the study is derived. The discussion is explained in an explicit manner demonstrating the findings of the study conducted in Sweden. The random population in Sweden comprising of adults with self-reported recurrent GER symptoms two decades before interview were no associated with lower basal pressure or dyspepsia of LES. The results showed no consistency that dietary factors are not associated with adenocarcinoma risk of oesophagus or gastric cardia. The strengths and limitations of the study are also explained in the discussion. The strength is population-based design with large sample size that allowed large comparative study. Moreover, controls were recruited from random sample and cases were newly diagnosed oesophageal cancer cases that were classified rigorously based on site of tumour and histological type. The discussion also explained the possible reasons for no association between dietary factors and risk for malignancy. The food consumption rendering temporary GER or LES relaxation in lab experiments may not be enough in frequency or quantity to cause reflux disease. In past studies, food items as onions, chocolates, fat or orange juice that induced reflux symptoms were moderate and considered only one portion of the study. This illustrates that temporary reflux caused by these food items may be different from inflammation characteristic GER (Banovcin et al., 2016). The weak association between food items causing LES relaxation may be due to less consumption of these foods among individuals predisposing to reflux symptoms (Cook et al., 2014). The authors explained the avoidance of these food items might be a reason for narrowing of range of exposure. 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